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Azure Container Apps is a fully managed serverless container service that enables you to build and deploy modern, cloud-native Java applications and microservices at scale. It offers a simplified developer experience while providing the flexibility and portability of containers.

Of course, Azure Container Apps has really solid support for our ecosystem, from a number of build options, managed Java components, native metrics, dynamic logger, and quite a bit more.

To learn more about Java features on Azure Container Apps, you can get started over on the documentation page.

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1. Overview

In this tutorial, we’ll handle the conversions that need to happen between the internal entities of a Spring application and the external DTOs (Data Transfer Objects) that are published back to the client.

Further reading:

Spring's RequestBody and ResponseBody Annotations

Learn about the Spring @RequestBody and @ResponseBody annotations.

Quick Guide to MapStruct

A quick and practical guide to using MapStruct

2. Model Mapper

Let’s start by introducing the main library that we’re going to use to perform this entity-DTO conversion, ModelMapper.

We will need this dependency in the pom.xml:

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.modelmapper</groupId>
    <artifactId>modelmapper</artifactId>
    <version>3.2.0</version>
</dependency>

To check if there’s any newer version of this library, go here.

Then we’ll define the ModelMapper bean in our Spring configuration:

@Bean
public ModelMapper modelMapper() {
    return new ModelMapper();
}

3. The DTO

Next let’s introduce the DTO side of this two-sided problem, Post DTO:

public class PostDto {
    private static final SimpleDateFormat dateFormat
      = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm");

    private Long id;

    private String title;

    private String url;

    private String date;

    private UserDto user;

    public Date getSubmissionDateConverted(String timezone) throws ParseException {
        dateFormat.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone(timezone));
        return dateFormat.parse(this.date);
    }

    public void setSubmissionDate(Date date, String timezone) {
        dateFormat.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone(timezone));
        this.date = dateFormat.format(date);
    }

    // standard getters and setters
}

Note that the two custom date related methods handle the date conversion back and forth between the client and the server:

  • getSubmissionDateConverted() method converts date String into a Date in the server’s timezone to use it in the persisting Post entity
  • setSubmissionDate() method is to set DTO’s date to Post‘s Date in current user timezone

4. The Service Layer

Now let’s look at a service level operation, which will obviously work with the Entity (not the DTO):

public List<Post> getPostsList(
  int page, int size, String sortDir, String sort) {
 
    PageRequest pageReq
     = PageRequest.of(page, size, Sort.Direction.fromString(sortDir), sort);
 
    Page<Post> posts = postRepository
      .findByUser(userService.getCurrentUser(), pageReq);
    return posts.getContent();
}

We’re going to have a look at the layer above service next, the controller layer. This is where the conversion will actually happen.

5. The Controller Layer

Next let’s examine a standard controller implementation, exposing the simple REST API for the Post resource.

We’re going to show here a few simple CRUD operations: create, update, get one, and get all. Given that the operations are pretty straightforward, we are especially interested in the Entity-DTO conversion aspects:

@Controller
class PostRestController {

    @Autowired
    private IPostService postService;

    @Autowired
    private IUserService userService;

    @Autowired
    private ModelMapper modelMapper;

    @GetMapping
    @ResponseBody
    public List<PostDto> getPosts(...) {
        //...
        List<Post> posts = postService.getPostsList(page, size, sortDir, sort);
        return posts.stream()
          .map(this::convertToDto)
          .collect(Collectors.toList());
    }

    @PostMapping
    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.CREATED)
    @ResponseBody
    public PostDto createPost(@RequestBody PostDto postDto) {
        Post post = convertToEntity(postDto);
        Post postCreated = postService.createPost(post));
        return convertToDto(postCreated);
    }

    @GetMapping(value = "/{id}")
    @ResponseBody
    public PostDto getPost(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
        return convertToDto(postService.getPostById(id));
    }

    @PutMapping(value = "/{id}")
    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.OK)
    public void updatePost(@PathVariable("id") Long id, @RequestBody PostDto postDto) {
        if(!Objects.equals(id, postDto.getId())){
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("IDs don't match");
        }
        Post post = convertToEntity(postDto);
        postService.updatePost(post);
    }
}

Here is our conversion from Post entity to PostDto:

private PostDto convertToDto(Post post) {
    PostDto postDto = modelMapper.map(post, PostDto.class);
    postDto.setSubmissionDate(post.getSubmissionDate(), 
        userService.getCurrentUser().getPreference().getTimezone());
    return postDto;
}

Here is the conversion from DTO to an entity:

private Post convertToEntity(PostDto postDto) throws ParseException {
    Post post = modelMapper.map(postDto, Post.class);
    post.setSubmissionDate(postDto.getSubmissionDateConverted(
      userService.getCurrentUser().getPreference().getTimezone()));
 
    if (postDto.getId() != null) {
        Post oldPost = postService.getPostById(postDto.getId());
        post.setRedditID(oldPost.getRedditID());
        post.setSent(oldPost.isSent());
    }
    return post;
}

So as we can see, with the help of the model mapper, the conversion logic is quick and simple. We’re using the map API of the mapper, and getting the data converted without writing a single line of conversion logic.

6. Unit Testing

Finally, let’s do a very simple test to make sure the conversions between the entity and the DTO work well:

public class PostDtoUnitTest {

    private ModelMapper modelMapper = new ModelMapper();

    @Test
    public void whenConvertPostEntityToPostDto_thenCorrect() {
        Post post = new Post();
        post.setId(1L);
        post.setTitle(randomAlphabetic(6));
        post.setUrl("www.test.com");

        PostDto postDto = modelMapper.map(post, PostDto.class);
        assertEquals(post.getId(), postDto.getId());
        assertEquals(post.getTitle(), postDto.getTitle());
        assertEquals(post.getUrl(), postDto.getUrl());
    }

    @Test
    public void whenConvertPostDtoToPostEntity_thenCorrect() {
        PostDto postDto = new PostDto();
        postDto.setId(1L);
        postDto.setTitle(randomAlphabetic(6));
        postDto.setUrl("www.test.com");

        Post post = modelMapper.map(postDto, Post.class);
        assertEquals(postDto.getId(), post.getId());
        assertEquals(postDto.getTitle(), post.getTitle());
        assertEquals(postDto.getUrl(), post.getUrl());
    }
}

7. Conclusion

In this article, we detailed simplifying the conversion from Entity to DTO, and from DTO to Entity in a Spring REST API, by using the model mapper library instead of writing these conversions by hand.

The code backing this article is available on GitHub. Once you're logged in as a Baeldung Pro Member, start learning and coding on the project.
Baeldung Pro – NPI EA (cat = Baeldung)
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Baeldung Pro comes with both absolutely No-Ads as well as finally with Dark Mode, for a clean learning experience:

>> Explore a clean Baeldung

Once the early-adopter seats are all used, the price will go up and stay at $33/year.

Partner – Microsoft – NPI EA (cat = Spring Boot)
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Azure Container Apps is a fully managed serverless container service that enables you to build and deploy modern, cloud-native Java applications and microservices at scale. It offers a simplified developer experience while providing the flexibility and portability of containers.

Of course, Azure Container Apps has really solid support for our ecosystem, from a number of build options, managed Java components, native metrics, dynamic logger, and quite a bit more.

To learn more about Java features on Azure Container Apps, visit the documentation page.

You can also ask questions and leave feedback on the Azure Container Apps GitHub page.

Partner – Orkes – NPI EA (cat = Spring)
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Modern software architecture is often broken. Slow delivery leads to missed opportunities, innovation is stalled due to architectural complexities, and engineering resources are exceedingly expensive.

Orkes is the leading workflow orchestration platform built to enable teams to transform the way they develop, connect, and deploy applications, microservices, AI agents, and more.

With Orkes Conductor managed through Orkes Cloud, developers can focus on building mission critical applications without worrying about infrastructure maintenance to meet goals and, simply put, taking new products live faster and reducing total cost of ownership.

Try a 14-Day Free Trial of Orkes Conductor today.

Partner – Orkes – NPI EA (tag = Microservices)
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Modern software architecture is often broken. Slow delivery leads to missed opportunities, innovation is stalled due to architectural complexities, and engineering resources are exceedingly expensive.

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With Orkes Conductor managed through Orkes Cloud, developers can focus on building mission critical applications without worrying about infrastructure maintenance to meet goals and, simply put, taking new products live faster and reducing total cost of ownership.

Try a 14-Day Free Trial of Orkes Conductor today.

eBook – HTTP Client – NPI EA (cat=HTTP Client-Side)
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Handling concurrency in an application can be a tricky process with many potential pitfalls. A solid grasp of the fundamentals will go a long way to help minimize these issues.

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eBook – Java Streams – NPI EA (cat=Java Streams)
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Since its introduction in Java 8, the Stream API has become a staple of Java development. The basic operations like iterating, filtering, mapping sequences of elements are deceptively simple to use.

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