Copy a List to Another List in Java

Azure Container Apps is a fully managed serverless container service that enables you to build and deploy modern, cloud-native Java applications and microservices at scale. It offers a simplified developer experience while providing the flexibility and portability of containers.

Of course, Azure Container Apps has really solid support for our ecosystem, from a number of build options, managed Java components, native metrics, dynamic logger, and quite a bit more.

To learn more about Java features on Azure Container Apps, visit the documentation page.

You can also ask questions and leave feedback on the Azure Container Apps GitHub page.

Of course, Azure Container Apps has really solid support for our ecosystem, from a number of build options, managed Java components, native metrics, dynamic logger, and quite a bit more.

To learn more about Java features on Azure Container Apps, you can get started over on the documentation page.

And, you can also ask questions and leave feedback on the Azure Container Apps GitHub page.

Modern software architecture is often broken. Slow delivery leads to missed opportunities, innovation is stalled due to architectural complexities, and engineering resources are exceedingly expensive.

Orkes is the leading workflow orchestration platform built to enable teams to transform the way they develop, connect, and deploy applications, microservices, AI agents, and more.

With Orkes Conductor managed through Orkes Cloud, developers can focus on building mission critical applications without worrying about infrastructure maintenance to meet goals and, simply put, taking new products live faster and reducing total cost of ownership.

Try a 14-Day Free Trial of Orkes Conductor today.

Orkes is the leading workflow orchestration platform built to enable teams to transform the way they develop, connect, and deploy applications, microservices, AI agents, and more.

Try a 14-Day Free Trial of Orkes Conductor today.

End-to-end testing is a very useful method to make sure that your application works as intended. This highlights issues in the overall functionality of the software, that the unit and integration test stages may miss.

Playwright is an easy-to-use, but powerful tool that automates end-to-end testing, and supports all modern browsers and platforms.

When coupled with LambdaTest (an AI-powered cloud-based test execution platform) it can be further scaled to run the Playwright scripts in parallel across 3000+ browser and device combinations:

>> Automated End-to-End Testing With Playwright

1. Overview

In this quick tutorial, we’ll explore different ways to copy a List to another List, and a common error produced in the process.

For an introduction to the use of Collections, please refer to this article here.

2. Constructor

A simple way to copy a List is by using the constructor that takes a collection as its argument:

List<Plant> copy = new ArrayList<>(list);

Since we’re copying references here, and not cloning the objects, every amends made in one element will affect both lists.

As such, it’s good to use the constructor for copying immutable objects:

List<Integer> copy = new ArrayList<>(list);

Integer is an immutable class; its value is set when the instance is created, and can never change.

An Integer reference can thus be shared by multiple lists and threads, and there’s no way anybody can change its value.

3. List ConcurrentAccessException

A common problem working with lists is the ConcurrentAccessException. This usually means that we’re modifying the list while we’re trying to copy it, most likely in another thread.

To fix this issue, we have to either:

Use a collection designed for concurrent access
Lock the collection appropriately to iterate over it
Find a way to avoid needing to copy the original collection

Considering our last approach, it isn’t thread-safe. If we want to resolve our problem with the first option, we may want to use CopyOnWriteArrayList, in which all mutative operations are implemented by making a fresh copy of the underlying array.

For further information, please refer to this article.

If we want to lock the Collection, it’s possible to use a lock primitive to serialized read/write access, such as ReentrantReadWriteLock.

4. AddAll

Another approach to copying elements is using the addAll method:

List<Integer> copy = new ArrayList<>();
copy.addAll(list);

It’s important to keep in mind whenever using this method that, as with the constructor, the contents of both lists will reference the same objects.

5. Collections.copy

The Collections class consists exclusively of static methods that operate on, or return collections.

One of them is copy, which needs a source list and a destination list that’s at least as long as the source.

It will maintain the index of each copied element in the destination list, such as the original:

List<Integer> source = Arrays.asList(1,2,3);
List<Integer> dest = Arrays.asList(4,5,6);
Collections.copy(dest, source);

In the above example, all the previous elements in the dest list were overwritten because both lists have the same size.

If the destination list size is larger than the source:

List<Integer> source = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3);
List<Integer> dest = Arrays.asList(5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10);
Collections.copy(dest, source);

Here, just the first three items were overwritten, while the rest of the elements in the list were conserved.

6. Using Java 8

This version of Java expands our possibilities by adding new tools. The one we’ll explore in the following examples is Stream:

List<String> copy = list.stream()
  .collect(Collectors.toList());

The main advantage of this option is the ability to use skip and filters. In the next example, we’ll skip the first element:

List<String> copy = list.stream()
  .skip(1)
  .collect(Collectors.toList());

It’s also possible to filter by the length of the String, or by comparing an attribute of our objects:

List<String> copy = list.stream()
  .filter(s -> s.length() > 10)
  .collect(Collectors.toList());

List<Flower> flowers = list.stream()
  .filter(f -> f.getPetals() > 6)
  .collect(Collectors.toList());

It’s probable we want to work in a null-safe way:

List<Flower> flowers = Optional.ofNullable(list)
  .map(List::stream)
  .orElseGet(Stream::empty)
  .collect(Collectors.toList());

We’ll likely want to skip an element in this way too:

List<Flower> flowers = Optional.ofNullable(list)
  .map(List::stream).orElseGet(Stream::empty)
  .skip(1)
  .collect(Collectors.toList());

7. Using Java 10

Finally, one of the last Java versions allows us to create an immutable List containing the elements of the given Collection:

List<T> copy = List.copyOf(list);

The only conditions are that the given Collection mustn’t be null, or contain any null elements.

8. Conclusion

In this article, we learned various ways to copy a List to another List with different Java versions. We also examined a common error produced in the process.

The code backing this article is available on GitHub. Once you're logged in as a Baeldung Pro Member, start learning and coding on the project.

Of course, Azure Container Apps has really solid support for our ecosystem, from a number of build options, managed Java components, native metrics, dynamic logger, and quite a bit more.

To learn more about Java features on Azure Container Apps, visit the documentation page.

You can also ask questions and leave feedback on the Azure Container Apps GitHub page.

Orkes is the leading workflow orchestration platform built to enable teams to transform the way they develop, connect, and deploy applications, microservices, AI agents, and more.

Try a 14-Day Free Trial of Orkes Conductor today.

Orkes is the leading workflow orchestration platform built to enable teams to transform the way they develop, connect, and deploy applications, microservices, AI agents, and more.

Try a 14-Day Free Trial of Orkes Conductor today.