Baeldung Pro comes with both absolutely No-Ads as well as finally with Dark Mode, for a clean learning experience:
Once the early-adopter seats are all used, the price will go up and stay at $33/year.
Azure Container Apps is a fully managed serverless container service that enables you to build and deploy modern, cloud-native Java applications and microservices at scale. It offers a simplified developer experience while providing the flexibility and portability of containers.
Of course, Azure Container Apps has really solid support for our ecosystem, from a number of build options, managed Java components, native metrics, dynamic logger, and quite a bit more.
To learn more about Java features on Azure Container Apps, visit the documentation page.
You can also ask questions and leave feedback on the Azure Container Apps GitHub page.
Azure Container Apps is a fully managed serverless container service that enables you to build and deploy modern, cloud-native Java applications and microservices at scale. It offers a simplified developer experience while providing the flexibility and portability of containers.
Of course, Azure Container Apps has really solid support for our ecosystem, from a number of build options, managed Java components, native metrics, dynamic logger, and quite a bit more.
To learn more about Java features on Azure Container Apps, you can get started over on the documentation page.
And, you can also ask questions and leave feedback on the Azure Container Apps GitHub page.
Modern software architecture is often broken. Slow delivery leads to missed opportunities, innovation is stalled due to architectural complexities, and engineering resources are exceedingly expensive.
Orkes is the leading workflow orchestration platform built to enable teams to transform the way they develop, connect, and deploy applications, microservices, AI agents, and more.
With Orkes Conductor managed through Orkes Cloud, developers can focus on building mission critical applications without worrying about infrastructure maintenance to meet goals and, simply put, taking new products live faster and reducing total cost of ownership.
Try a 14-Day Free Trial of Orkes Conductor today.
Modern software architecture is often broken. Slow delivery leads to missed opportunities, innovation is stalled due to architectural complexities, and engineering resources are exceedingly expensive.
Orkes is the leading workflow orchestration platform built to enable teams to transform the way they develop, connect, and deploy applications, microservices, AI agents, and more.
With Orkes Conductor managed through Orkes Cloud, developers can focus on building mission critical applications without worrying about infrastructure maintenance to meet goals and, simply put, taking new products live faster and reducing total cost of ownership.
Try a 14-Day Free Trial of Orkes Conductor today.
Mocking is an essential part of unit testing, and the Mockito library makes it easy to write clean and intuitive unit tests for your Java code.
Get started with mocking and improve your application tests using our Mockito guide:
Handling concurrency in an application can be a tricky process with many potential pitfalls. A solid grasp of the fundamentals will go a long way to help minimize these issues.
Get started with understanding multi-threaded applications with our Java Concurrency guide:
Spring 5 added support for reactive programming with the Spring WebFlux module, which has been improved upon ever since. Get started with the Reactor project basics and reactive programming in Spring Boot:
Since its introduction in Java 8, the Stream API has become a staple of Java development. The basic operations like iterating, filtering, mapping sequences of elements are deceptively simple to use.
But these can also be overused and fall into some common pitfalls.
To get a better understanding on how Streams work and how to combine them with other language features, check out our guide to Java Streams:
Explore Spring Boot 3 and Spring 6 in-depth through building a full REST API with the framework:
Yes, Spring Security can be complex, from the more advanced functionality within the Core to the deep OAuth support in the framework.
I built the security material as two full courses - Core and OAuth, to get practical with these more complex scenarios. We explore when and how to use each feature and code through it on the backing project.
You can explore the course here:
All Access is finally out, with all of my Spring courses. Learn JUnit is out as well, and Learn Maven is coming fast. And, of course, quite a bit more affordable. Finally.
>> GET THE COURSE
Spring Data JPA is a great way to handle the complexity of JPA with the powerful simplicity of Spring Boot.
Get started with Spring Data JPA through the guided reference course:
End-to-end testing is a very useful method to make sure that your application works as intended. This highlights issues in the overall functionality of the software, that the unit and integration test stages may miss.
Playwright is an easy-to-use, but powerful tool that automates end-to-end testing, and supports all modern browsers and platforms.
When coupled with LambdaTest (an AI-powered cloud-based test execution platform) it can be further scaled to run the Playwright scripts in parallel across 3000+ browser and device combinations:
Yes, we're now running our Spring Sale. All Courses are 25% off until 26th May, 2025:
Yes, we're now running our Spring Sale. All Courses are 25% off until 26th May, 2025:
1. Overview
In this quick tutorial, we’ll discuss enabling transaction locks in Spring Data JPA for custom query methods and predefined repository CRUD methods.
We’ll also learn about different lock types and setting transaction lock timeouts.
2. Lock Types
JPA has two main lock types defined, Pessimistic Locking and Optimistic Locking.
2.1. Pessimistic Locking
When we use Pessimistic Locking in a transaction, and access an entity, it’ll be locked immediately. The transaction releases the lock either by committing or rolling back the transaction.
2.2. Optimistic Locking
In Optimistic Locking, the transaction doesn’t lock the entity immediately. Instead, the transaction commonly saves the entity’s state with a version number assigned to it.
When we try to update the entity’s state in a different transaction, the transaction compares the saved version number with the existing version number during the update.
At this point, if the version number differs, it means that we can’t modify the entity. If there’s an active transaction, then that transaction will be rolled back and the underlying JPA implementation will throw an OptimisticLockException.
Depending on what’s most suitable for our current development context, we can also use other approaches, such as timestamps, hash value computation, or serialized checksum.
3. Enabling Transaction Locks on Query Methods
To acquire a lock on an entity, we can annotate the target query method with a Lock annotation by passing the required lock mode type.
Lock mode types are enum values to be specified while locking an entity. The specified lock mode is then propagated to the database to apply the corresponding lock on the entity object.
To specify a lock on a custom query method of a Spring Data JPA repository, we can annotate the method with @Lock and specify the required lock mode type:
@Lock(LockModeType.OPTIMISTIC_FORCE_INCREMENT)
@Query("SELECT c FROM Customer c WHERE c.orgId = ?1")
public List<Customer> fetchCustomersByOrgId(Long orgId);To enforce the lock on predefined repository methods, such as findAll or findById(id), we have to declare the method within the repository and annotate the method with the Lock annotation:
@Lock(LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_READ)
public Optional<Customer> findById(Long customerId);When the lock is explicitly enabled, and there’s no active transaction, the underlying JPA implementation will throw a TransactionRequiredException.
If the lock can’t be granted, and the locking conflict doesn’t result in a transaction rollback, JPA throws a LockTimeoutException, but it doesn’t mark the active transaction for rollback.
4. Setting Transaction Lock Timeouts
When using Pessimistic Locking, the database will try to lock the entity immediately. The underlying JPA implementation throws a LockTimeoutException when the lock can’t be obtained immediately. To avoid such exceptions, we can specify the lock timeout value.
In Spring Data JPA, the lock timeout can be specified using the QueryHints annotation by placing a QueryHint on query methods:
@Lock(LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_READ)
@QueryHints({@QueryHint(name = "jakarta.persistence.lock.timeout", value = "3000")})
public Optional<Customer> findById(Long customerId);We can find further details on setting the lock timeout hint at different scopes in this ObjectDB article.
5. Conclusion
In this article, we explored the different types of transaction lock modes. Then we learned how to enable transaction locks in Spring Data JPA. We also covered setting lock timeouts.
Applying the right transaction locks at the right places can help to maintain data integrity in high-volume concurrent usage applications.
When the transaction needs to strictly adhere to ACID rules, we should use Pessimistic Locking. Optimistic Locking should be applied when we need to allow multiple concurrent reads and when eventual consistency is acceptable within the application context.
The code backing this article is available on GitHub. Once you're logged in as a Baeldung Pro Member, start learning and coding on the project.
