Baeldung Pro comes with both absolutely No-Ads as well as finally with Dark Mode, for a clean learning experience:
Once the early-adopter seats are all used, the price will go up and stay at $33/year.
Azure Container Apps is a fully managed serverless container service that enables you to build and deploy modern, cloud-native Java applications and microservices at scale. It offers a simplified developer experience while providing the flexibility and portability of containers.
Of course, Azure Container Apps has really solid support for our ecosystem, from a number of build options, managed Java components, native metrics, dynamic logger, and quite a bit more.
To learn more about Java features on Azure Container Apps, visit the documentation page.
You can also ask questions and leave feedback on the Azure Container Apps GitHub page.
Azure Container Apps is a fully managed serverless container service that enables you to build and deploy modern, cloud-native Java applications and microservices at scale. It offers a simplified developer experience while providing the flexibility and portability of containers.
Of course, Azure Container Apps has really solid support for our ecosystem, from a number of build options, managed Java components, native metrics, dynamic logger, and quite a bit more.
To learn more about Java features on Azure Container Apps, you can get started over on the documentation page.
And, you can also ask questions and leave feedback on the Azure Container Apps GitHub page.
Modern software architecture is often broken. Slow delivery leads to missed opportunities, innovation is stalled due to architectural complexities, and engineering resources are exceedingly expensive.
Orkes is the leading workflow orchestration platform built to enable teams to transform the way they develop, connect, and deploy applications, microservices, AI agents, and more.
With Orkes Conductor managed through Orkes Cloud, developers can focus on building mission critical applications without worrying about infrastructure maintenance to meet goals and, simply put, taking new products live faster and reducing total cost of ownership.
Try a 14-Day Free Trial of Orkes Conductor today.
Modern software architecture is often broken. Slow delivery leads to missed opportunities, innovation is stalled due to architectural complexities, and engineering resources are exceedingly expensive.
Orkes is the leading workflow orchestration platform built to enable teams to transform the way they develop, connect, and deploy applications, microservices, AI agents, and more.
With Orkes Conductor managed through Orkes Cloud, developers can focus on building mission critical applications without worrying about infrastructure maintenance to meet goals and, simply put, taking new products live faster and reducing total cost of ownership.
Try a 14-Day Free Trial of Orkes Conductor today.
Mocking is an essential part of unit testing, and the Mockito library makes it easy to write clean and intuitive unit tests for your Java code.
Get started with mocking and improve your application tests using our Mockito guide:
Handling concurrency in an application can be a tricky process with many potential pitfalls. A solid grasp of the fundamentals will go a long way to help minimize these issues.
Get started with understanding multi-threaded applications with our Java Concurrency guide:
Spring 5 added support for reactive programming with the Spring WebFlux module, which has been improved upon ever since. Get started with the Reactor project basics and reactive programming in Spring Boot:
Since its introduction in Java 8, the Stream API has become a staple of Java development. The basic operations like iterating, filtering, mapping sequences of elements are deceptively simple to use.
But these can also be overused and fall into some common pitfalls.
To get a better understanding on how Streams work and how to combine them with other language features, check out our guide to Java Streams:
Explore Spring Boot 3 and Spring 6 in-depth through building a full REST API with the framework:
Yes, Spring Security can be complex, from the more advanced functionality within the Core to the deep OAuth support in the framework.
I built the security material as two full courses - Core and OAuth, to get practical with these more complex scenarios. We explore when and how to use each feature and code through it on the backing project.
You can explore the course here:
All Access is finally out, with all of my Spring courses. Learn JUnit is out as well, and Learn Maven is coming fast. And, of course, quite a bit more affordable. Finally.
>> GET THE COURSE
Spring Data JPA is a great way to handle the complexity of JPA with the powerful simplicity of Spring Boot.
Get started with Spring Data JPA through the guided reference course:
End-to-end testing is a very useful method to make sure that your application works as intended. This highlights issues in the overall functionality of the software, that the unit and integration test stages may miss.
Playwright is an easy-to-use, but powerful tool that automates end-to-end testing, and supports all modern browsers and platforms.
When coupled with LambdaTest (an AI-powered cloud-based test execution platform) it can be further scaled to run the Playwright scripts in parallel across 3000+ browser and device combinations:
Yes, we're now running our Spring Sale. All Courses are 25% off until 26th May, 2025:
Yes, we're now running our Spring Sale. All Courses are 25% off until 26th May, 2025:
1. Introduction
In this article, we’ll first understand the transient keyword and then see its behavior through examples for different data types on how they behave.
2. Usage of transient
Let’s first understand the serialization before moving to transient as it is used in the context of serialization.
Serialization is the process of converting an object into a byte stream, and de-serialization is the opposite of it.
When we mark any variable as transient, then that variable is not serialized. Since transient fields aren’t present in the serialized form of an object, the de-serialization process would use the default values (which are null or 0) for such fields when creating an object out of the serialized form.8
The transient keyword is useful in a few scenarios:
- We can use it for derived fields
- It is useful for fields that do not represent the state of the object
- We use it for any non-serializable references
- When we want to store sensitive information and don’t want to send it through the network
3. Example
To see it in action, let’s first create a Book class whose object we would like to serialize:
public class Book implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -2936687026040726549L;
private String bookName;
private transient String description;
private transient int copies;
// getters and setters
}Here, we have marked description and copies as transient fields.
After creating the class, we’ll create an object of this class:
Book book = new Book();
book.setBookName("Java Reference");
book.setDescription("will not be saved");
book.setCopies(25);Now, we’ll serialize the object into a file:
public static void serialize(Book book) throws Exception {
FileOutputStream file = new FileOutputStream(fileName);
ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(file);
out.writeObject(book);
out.close();
file.close();
}Let’s deserialize the object now from the file:
public static Book deserialize() throws Exception {
FileInputStream file = new FileInputStream(fileName);
ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(file);
Book book = (Book) in.readObject();
in.close();
file.close();
return book;
}Finally, we’ll verify the values of the book object:
assertEquals("Java Reference", book.getBookName());
assertNull(book.getDescription());
assertEquals(0, book.getCopies());Here we see that bookName has been properly persisted. On the other hand, the copies field has value 0 and the description is null – the default values for their respective data types – instead of the original values.
4. Behavior With final
Now, let’s see a case where we’ll use transient with the final keyword. For that, first, we’ll add a final transient element in our Book class and then create an empty Book object:
public class Book implements Serializable {
// existing fields
private final transient String bookCategory = "Fiction";
// getters and setters
}Book book = new Book();The final modifier makes no difference when it has literal initialization. When a variable of type String is declared as final and transient, its value is determined at compile-time and is stored in the class’s constant pool. Since it is final, it’s value can’t be change after it’s initialization. Hence, its value will be taken from the class and not null.
For more information on String pool, head over to our article Guide to Java String Pool.
assertEquals("Fiction", book.getBookCategory());4.1. Behavior With final String Using new Operator
Now let’s see a case where we’ll use transient with the final keyword. For that, we’ll create a variable String with final and transient and using new operator in our Book class and then create an empty Book object:
public class Book implements Serializable {
// existing fields
private final transient String bookCategoryNewOperator = new String("Fiction with new Operator");
// getters and setters
}Book book = new Book();In this case, using a new operator to initialize a String will create the object in the Heap memory and the default value for this object when we deserialize will be null.
assertNull(book.getBookCategoryNewOperator());5. Conclusion
In this article, we saw the usage of the transient keyword and its behavior in serialization and de-serialization, with some useful examples that contain examples that are not obvious, e.g Strings with transient.
The code backing this article is available on GitHub. Once you're logged in as a Baeldung Pro Member, start learning and coding on the project.
